At M-CNC, CNC machining is at the heart of our service offering. But what is CNC machining, how does a CNC machine work, and what are the benefits of CNC machining?
What is CNC machining?
CNC machine stands for Computer Numerical Control machine. CNC machining is a process of manufacturing parts using subtractive machining technology. In simple terms, it involves creating products by removing material.
Using Computer Aided Design (CAD) software, a 3D design of a part is created. This design is turned into a sequence of commands, which are sent to a CNC machine. The machine uses these commands to cut and shape a solid block of material, removing material until it has formed the part required. By doing this, incredibly complex parts can be designed and produced to an incredible degree of precision.
What is a CNC machine?
A CNC machine uses computerised machining tools to precisely manufacture complex parts. The operations a CNC machine takes are directed by preprogrammed software, which interprets a 3D design of a part and tells the CNC machine how to create it.
CNC machines automate much of the manufacturing process, reducing the risk of human error and thereby increasing the efficiency, uniformity and accuracy of part production – even for extremely large volumes.
At M-CNC, we offer a variety of CNC machining options:
How does a CNC machine work?
Inside every CNC machine’s control unit (MCU) is a microcomputer. At every stage of machining a part, the MCU receives a customised code that tells it precisely what the machine needs to do. This code is developed using CAD/CAM software. The code uses machining language (G-codes and M-codes) to control what the CNC machine does.
G-code tells the machine how to move. For example, it tells it how fast to move, which paths the machine tool should follow, etc. M-code, on the other hand, has a variety of uses depending on the CNC machine. Often, this will involve the external operations of the machine (e.g. instructions to change tools, add coolant, etc.).
CNC machines are mostly automated, but skilled machinists are still very much needed to ensure operations run smoothly and reduce the risk of damage to the end product.
What is a CNC machine used for?
CNC machines are used in multiple industries to produce both custom one-off parts and large volumes of precision engineered components. These parts are made using a Computer-Aided Design, enabling the accurate manufacture of the most complex components.
The high level of automation in the CNC machining process also reduces the chance of error and ensures mass production efficiency, without compromising on quality or accuracy.
What are the benefits of CNC machining?
1. Greater precision
The computer-aided design and increased automation of CNC machining ensures superior precision and consistency. The risk of human error causing faults in the production of complex parts and large volumes is significantly reduced; CNC machining ensures manufacturing is seamless and accurate.
2. Better working conditions
Manufacturing historically involved heavy, dangerous machines that needed to be operated by hand. Whilst there is still some physical labour and safety precautions involved in CNC machining, working conditions in manufacturing facilities are a lot better than they were. The move towards automated, advanced CNC technology to aid in complex manufacturing has substantially improved staff safety in the industry.
3. Increased production efficiency
The use of CNC machines significantly increases production efficiency, and therefore also reduces production costs. CNC machines consume less energy than older machines, leading to lower operating expenses.
The automation CNC machines bring to the production line also ensures quick, streamlined manufacturing, without bottlenecks holding up things at the end.
4. Less waste
The optimisation and accuracy of CNC machines ensures less waste during manufacturing. Quality control is much improved, and machinists are able to spot any potential issues quickly and make the necessary adjustments before any material is wasted on producing faulty parts.
